Qt only fully supports SVG 1.2 Tiny, for which the text element does not support dx or dy. Since 6.7 the support has been partially extended to some features of SVG 1.1 (but the docs don't mention adding those attributes for text, I cannot test it right now). You should be very careful when working with text alignments, though, as they always depend on the installed fonts.
I'm not that familiar with SVG, so all I can suggest is to find a way to force positioning the bits of text. Fragile? Yes. Not that good of a solution if you cannot manipulate the SVGs or it's not manageable to do so? Yes.
This blog just serves as a big sign to what the actual problem is, I stripped away the noise (hopefully not too much) so that you can focus on the core issue.
This was inspired by this Stack Overflow question: SVG text is incorrectly overlapping